How To Prep For Fasteners

Regarding fasteners, proper lubrication and surface preparation are crucial to ensuring a solid connection. Here is what you need to know to get the best results:

🛝 Lubricants

The type of lubricant you use will depend on the application. For example, you will want to use a heat-resistant lubricant for screws subject to high temperatures. In general, however, the most important thing is to choose a lubricant that will not damage the fastener or the surface it is being installed. We lubricate threaded fasteners not only because it enables them to be removed later but also because it ensures consistent tightening.

Unfortunately, many tools we commonly use to tighten fasteners—such as torque wrenches—do not measure tension. This practice can lead to problems when preloading fasteners without proper precautions. Threaded fasteners work by preloading and 🤸‍♂️ stretching the bolt. Too much preload and the bolt may exceed its elastic limit and stretch; too little and the bolt may be subject to alternating forces and fatigue.

Most bolts fail due to fatigue caused by under-tightening. Applying a lubricant helps to ensure that the fastener is tightened to the proper tension by providing consistent friction between the threads—preventing galling, which can cause the fastener to seize up or break.

🥌 Surface Preparation

For the fastener to create a strong connection, it is important that both surfaces—the fastener and the surface it is being installed into—are clean and free of debris. Any dirt, dust, or grime can potentially weaken the connection. The best way to clean surfaces is with a solvent compatible with the fastener and the surface it is being positioned. Once the surfaces are clean, you will also want to ensure they are 🏜 dry before proceeding. If installing fasteners into metal surfaces, you may also want to use a rust inhibitor to prevent corrosion and ensure a long-lasting connection.

With these tips in mind, you are well on creating robust and reliable fastener connections. Just be sure to take the time to prepare both surfaces and apply the appropriate lubricant properly, and you will be good to go.

Because You Don’t Need Sparks

What does it mean for a tool to be ⚡️ non-sparking? A non-sparking tool does not create sparks when it comes into contact with other materials—this is important for many industries with a fire or explosion risk, such as the 🛢 oil and gas industry.

Many types of non-sparking hand tools are available on the market, made from various materials, such as aluminium bronze, a solid and durable material. Other options include copper beryllium, copper aluminum alloys, and Monel metal. Tools are often manufactured from steel alloys. However, these alloys can create sparks 🪩 when they come into contact with other materials. In addition, non-sparking materials tend to have lower tensile strength than steel traditionally used to make tools—meaning that these tools have less strength, lower resistance to tearing, and can wear down more quickly than steel tools.

How to choose and maintain non-sparking tools? When choosing non-sparking hand tools, it is paramount to consider the specific application and the risks involved. For example, some materials may be more suitable for 💥 explosive environments than others. It is also necessary to consider the tool’s durability and how often it will need to be replaced. Non-sparking tools can generate sparks, called “cold ❄️ sparks.” Although these sparks have a low heat level, they do not eliminate the possibility of fires. In general, to reduce the risk of exposure and fire, one can:

🫧 Ensure that the non-sparking tools are kept clean and free from ferrous or other contaminants, which may increase sparking.
💨 Use local or mechanical ventilation systems to remove hazardous materials, dust, and vapors from the workspace.
📏 Select the right-sized tool for the task. The appropriate fit will help prevent the tool from slipping, reducing the chance of a spark.
🧨 Never use non-sparking hand tools in direct contact with acetylene, which may form explosive acetylides.
🥽 Non-sparking tools will need to be redressed more often.

Are you looking for some non-sparking tools for a project? Tsamouris is here to help. We stock an extensive collection of non-sparking hand tools so you can have everything, everywhere, every time.

Fasteners in Public Transportation

Last month, the Elizabeth Line 🚇 opened in London 🇬🇧 after 13 years of construction. The project is truly massive, consisting of forty stops and 65 nine-car 200-meter long Class 345 trains. Be it in the tracks, signposts, door opening systems, motors, CCTV cameras, or station framing, millions of fasteners are holding it all together.

With as many as five million 🚶‍♀️🚶🚶‍♂️ passengers riding daily, safety, reliability, and security is the utmost priority. Public transit systems are prime targets for vandals, terrorists, and criminals—but specially designed security fasteners can make tampering and removal almost impossible.

These fasteners work either by being non-removable or having an uncontrollable drive system that makes it difficult or virtually impossible to remove without the matching driver tool. This makes infrastructure physically more resilient to attack, discouraging offenders from damaging it in the first place.

But public transit isn’t the only use for security hardware. At Tsamouris, we stock a range of 🔓 security screws and bits for solar panels to guarantee that what you construct stays constructed. All at an affordable price.

With the railway’s estimated 💶 €24 Billion budget, you could buy almost 37 billion of them.

Take It Out On Screw Extractors

Have you ever had a screw that was so tight, you just couldn’t get it out no matter how hard you tried? Or maybe you stripped the head of the screw and now it’s stuck in there good. In either case, you’re going to need a 🗜 screw extractor.

A screw extractor is a tool that fits over the head of the screw and uses a reverse thread to unscrew it. Screw extractors come in a variety of sizes, so make sure you get one that fits the screw you’re dealing with. Once you have your screw extractor, below we guide you on how to use it:

🕳 Start by drilling a pilot hole into the center of the screw head. This will give the screw extractor a firm grip.

💈 Next, place the screw extractor onto the screw head and turn it in the direction that would loosen the screw.

🦾 As you turn the screw extractor, apply pressure to the handle. This will help to keep the extractor from slipping.

🤸‍♂️ Continue turning the screw extractor until the screw is loose enough to remove by hand.

👏 Remove the screw extractor and the screw from the pilot hole.

There are a few things to keep in mind though:

🧐 Be sure to drill a pilot hole before using the screw extractor. This will help to ensure that the screw extractor doesn’t slip and damage the surrounding area.

🥽 Always use safety glasses when using a screw extractor. The drill bit can break, and the pieces can fly off and injure you.

With these tips in mind, using a screw extractor is a breeze. So next time you’re stuck with a rounded-out screw, give one of these handy tools a try. If you’re still stuck, we’re always here to help. Be it through email, instant message, or video chat, the Tsamouris team is here for everything, everywhere, every time.

Wrong Fasteners on F-35 Combact Jets

🪖 While the U.S. Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) was inspecting F-35s in 2019, they found that hundreds of them had the wrong structural fasteners installed in critical parts.

The fasteners in question are called eddie bolts, and there are two types—titanium and Inconel. Titanium bolts are used in places where their strength and lightness help reduce weight, while Inconel is supposed to be used in areas where greater strength 🏋️‍♀️ and corrosion resistance are required. However, titanium has a lower shear strength than Inconel does.

How did this happen? Lockheed Martin explained that several fastener bins were found on factory floors containing commingled fasteners at their sites and those belonging to various suppliers—meaning that leftover fasteners from one shift were thrown into the next day’s supply 🗑 bin by mistake. They added that similar quality issues occurred with F-16s previously. Such problems can often take months—if not years—to be discovered. According to the DCMA, an F-35 fighter has more than 48,000 fasteners of the two types of fasteners.

Although the F-35 remains one of the most advanced and powerful fighter jets in the world, this story highlights the paramount importance that fasteners have in Air Force and Military.

Faulty Rivets May Have Doomed The Titanic

In 1912, the 🛳 Titanic set sail on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England to 🗽 New York City. The ship was considered unsinkable, and was the largest and most luxurious liner of its time. On April 14th, the Titanic struck an iceberg and sunk, taking over 1,500 lives with it.

The exact nature of the damage to the Titanic, and whether it could have been avoided, has been debated for decades. However, after years of analysis, experts have found evidence that the Titanic may have been done in by structural weaknesses in some of its smallest and least glamorous parts: the rivets.

The Titanic was built with 3 million rivets, which held the steel beams and plates together. The rivets were made of wrought iron, which contains some slag 🦠, a residue from the smelting of metallic ores. The presence of this contaminant makes the iron more useful, as pure iron is very ductile and therefore bends easily without breaking. The addition of slag increases its strength. However, too much slag can make the iron brittle, like glass. A 🧫 study of two of the Titanic’s rivets found that they contained 9.3% slag, much higher than the 2-3% slag content in modern wrought iron. This high concentration of slag made the rivets more brittle and prone to fracture.

Scientists believe that when the Titanic hit the iceberg, the rivets along the seams of the hull plates popped open, allowing water to rush in and causing the ship to sink quickly. This theory is supported by evidence from the ship’s sister ship, the Olympic, which collided with a small warship in 1911. There was a photo of the Olympic’s damage that showed 37 missing rivets.

The finding that the iceberg had not sliced open a 300-foot gash in the ship’s side put to rest the myth and strengthened interest in the possibility of rivet failure.

Recycling Fasteners

Recycling ♻️ fasteners at an industrial scale can significantly impact the environment. Fasteners are made of various materials, including metals, plastics, and composites. When these materials are landfilled, they can release toxins into the ground and water. Recycling fasteners reduces the amount of waste in landfills and helps to preserve resources.

There are several ways to recycle binding material. One standard method is to donate them to 🧑‍🏫 schools or community organizations that can use them for projects. Fasteners can also be recycled through scrap metal dealers. Usually, these dealers will offer compensation by weight.

When recycling fasteners, sorting them by type and material is essential to ensure that they are recycled properly and efficiently. In addition, fasteners made of different materials must be processed differently to be recycled. For example, aluminum fasteners can be 🫠 melted down and reused. In contrast, plastic fasteners must be ground up and melted into pellets.

Recycling used screws: more factors to consider

Recycling fasteners used in a project can get a little more complicated. E.g., Screws are generally made from low to medium carbon steel wire. However, a couple of post processes and additional assembled parts are sometimes involved in creating the final product. First and foremost is the surface treatment on the screws. Zinc 👩‍🏭 plating, black oxide, and hot-dip galvanizing are the three most common treatments.

Unfortunately, all of these treatments make it more difficult to recycle the screw, as they must be removed before the recycling process can begin. In addition, this practice requires special equipment and knowledge, making recycling used screws more complicated and expensive. Many screws have washers or other assembled parts, like rubber washers. These parts must be separated from the screw before they can be recycled.

All in all, recycling used screws can be a bit more complex than recycling other types of binding material. However, it is still possible to recycle them if you take the time to sort 🗄 and separate them properly.

Thread locking tips: your questions answered

⚗️ Thread lockers are one of the most useful, often misunderstood, assembly aids available. In short, a thread locker is a substance used to bond two threaded surfaces together.

The thread locker fills the spaces between the threads and creates a stronger bond than the individual threads. This bond prevents the threaded surfaces from vibrating loose and makes it possible to assemble parts with very tight tolerances.

🔗 There are two main types of thread lockers: anaerobic and UV-curable. Anaerobic thread lockers cure without oxygen, while UV-curable thread lockers cure when exposed to ultraviolet light. Both types of thread lockers have their advantages and disadvantages. Principally, anaerobic thread lockers are more durable, and UV-curable thread lockers are more convenient.

🧪 Can I undo a thread lock? Yes, It’s possible to undo a thread lock. However, the bond created by a thread locker is solid, and attempting to undo the lock without the proper tools and techniques can damage the threaded surfaces.

The method you use to remove the thread locker varies by manufacturer. Some thread lockers, for example, can be removed by applying localized heat. If you’re reluctant to use heat, manufacturers often list different chemicals that make their thread locking compound softer. These solvents can include—to name a few—trichloroethylene, toluene, and ethylene dichloride.

🧫 Have a question about thread lockers? Tsamouris is here for you. Because we stand for everything, everywhere, every time.

What are non-ferrous fasteners?

🌊 Non-ferrous fasteners are fasteners made of metals that do not contain iron. They are used in applications where iron would cause corrosion, such as in marine environments.

Which non-ferrous fastener should I use? Each type of non-ferrous fastener has its own unique benefits and drawbacks.

➡️ Aluminum fasteners are lightweight and have good corrosion resistance. However, they are not as strong as other types of fasteners.

➡️ Brass fasteners are strong and have good corrosion resistance. However, they are not as light as aluminum fasteners.

➡️ Bronze fasteners are strong and have good corrosion resistance. However, they are not as light as aluminum fasteners.

➡️ Copper fasteners are strong and have good corrosion resistance. However, they are not as light as aluminum fasteners.

➡️ Stainless steel fasteners are strong and have excellent corrosion resistance. However, they are more expensive than other types of connecting fasteners.

How to choose the right fastener material

The materials that fasteners are made out of are just as important as their size specifications—yet, choosing can be intimidating. However, three criteria can help anyone choose the appropriate material or alloy for their fastener.

📌 Firstly, tensile strength. Tensile strength is the measure of the strength of the alloy used to create the fastener. This is traditionally measured in Newtons per millimeter squared.

Together with the yield strength metrics are the source of fastener property classes. The four highest-demand property classes that we sell are:

Class 5.6—standard hardware-grade steel, appropriate for 🧰 DIY projects and light industrial use;
Class 8.8—enhanced-strength fasteners, common in the 🚌 automotive industry;
Class 10.9—fasteners for demanding 🏗 applications, such as vehicle suspension or metal construction;
Class 12.9—high-strength fasteners for high-temperature 🏭 industrial applications.

📌 Secondly, we have to consider corrosion resistance. We apply a protective coating to augment the already-existing corrosion resistance of the metal fastener. This can consist of expensive but attractive chrome coatings, outdoor-optimized but poor marine-performance zinc, and super resilient hot dip galvanized fasteners, suitable for coastal environments.

Another source of corrosion to consider is electrochemical corrosion. Electrochemical corrosion occurs when materials from different metals or with different plating come into contact. This process causes less noble metals (for example, zinc) to corrode at a faster rate than the more noble component of the fastener. By coating copper, brass, or steel with nickel or zinc, for example, we can protect screw heads from corrosion.

📌 Last but not least, the third factor to consider in selecting fasteners is the average temperature they will endure. Generally, plastics and non-ferrous alloys can’t withstand temperatures beyond 230°C, and stainless steel and steel alloys will perform well between 230-648°C. In settings with temperatures below -73°C, aluminum, titanium, copper, brass, and Teflon alloys are most suitable.