Category: News

The Arch That Cut the Sky — Part Five

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

Part Five

The completion of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932 established Sydney as a truly global city, giving it a
landmark to compete with any of the modern world’s great architectural marvels. With the largest single arch
of its kind, it was as instantly recognizable as Paris’s Eiffel Tower or New York’s Chrysler Building.
The ease of crossing the harbour was immediately felt across the city. The population of the North Shore
increased, while the once-thriving ferry businesses declined. The Bridge soon became a host to various
stunts and tourist attractions, with the southeast pylon opening as a popular lookout, offering uninterrupted
views of the city and beyond.

To recoup the Bridge’s significant construction and maintenance costs, tolls were introduced, inspiring
clever workarounds from enterprising citizens. By the 1980s, the tens of millions of vehicles that had crossed
the Bridge had recouped its original cost of USD 500 million (EUR 460 million) in tolls. However, the tolls
were increased to pay for the Sydney Harbour Tunnel and ongoing maintenance costs.

Each year, a team of skilled workers labors for 200,000 hours to keep the Bridge in sound working order, with
the intention of maintaining it for a thousand years. The exposed parts of the Bridge are repainted every five
years, requiring 30,000 liters of its trademark steel-grey paint.

The Bridge has always attracted thrill-seekers determined to climb it, legally or not. For the last twenty years,
the slightly less adventurous have been able to take the guided Harbour Bridge Climb over the arches, with
the summit inspiring more than a few marriage proposals.

Over its 86 years, the Bridge has been a site of protest, civil action, and celebration in Sydney, with its first
closure in 1946 to celebrate Victory Day at the end of World War Two. In May 2000, a record-breaking
250,000 Australians of Indigenous and non-Indigenous descent marched across the Bridge in the historic
Walk for Reconciliation, acknowledging the dispossession of Australia’s First Nations peoples.

Sydney is among the first places on Earth to welcome a new year, and staking out a prime viewing spot to
celebrate the New Year’s Eve fireworks display on the Harbour has become a cherished tradition. The two
spectacular pyrotechnics shows at 9 pm and midnight take months to plan, with eight tonnes of rockets
exploding in the sky over the Harbour, cascading down the Bridge in a raucous celebration of life.

The building of the Bridge played a significant role in the technical revolution of the 1930s, seen as evidence
of Australia’s industrial maturity in the mechanical age. It displaced the pastoral and agricultural way of life,
ending the horse and buggy era, and introduced the age of steel bridges, commuter trains, and cars.

Today, the Harbour Bridge sits in a redefined Sydney as a symbol of pride and national identity, holding a
deep emotional resonance for many Sydneysiders. As the writer Ruth Park described, “…[it] hangs there like
the ghost of the wheel of fate, in a sky brindled with sunset, until darkness comes and vanishes away this
remarkable shape, which is above all things, that sign of Sydney.”

The story is based on the podcast series “The Bridge: The Arch that Cut the Sky,” created with the support of
the State Library of New South Wales Foundation. You can support it by listening at the
thebridge.sl.nsw.gov.au.

Please note that the photographs used in this story are sourced from the State Library of New South Wales
Foundation website for the podcast. These images are not our intellectual property and are used solely for
non-commercial purposes.

The Arch That Cut the Sky — Part Four

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

Part Four

As the opening day of the Sydney Harbour Bridge approached on 19 March 1932, the city spared no
expense in its celebrations. A huge garden party for 2,500 guests was held at Government House, while the
Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress hosted the lavish Sydney Harbour Bridge Ball at the Town Hall. Essay
competitions were held for schoolchildren, with one young critic, ten-year-old Mavis Combo of Cabbage
Tree Island Aboriginal School, approving of the finished Bridge and praising Bradfield’s decision to oppose
underground schemes in favor of open-air travel.

A “goodwill scroll” made its way from Tottenham, Victoria, collecting well-wishes from hundreds of students
at 72 schools before being delivered to Premier Jack Lang and Governor Game by the captains of Fort Street
Boys’ and Girls’ High Schools. On 16 March, Children’s Day saw over 10,000 students from 194 schools
across New South Wales walk across the Bridge, braving wet and windy conditions.

Traveling great distances to attend the opening was commonplace, with nine-year-old Lennie Gwyther riding
his horse Ginger Mick alone for four months from rural Victoria to Sydney — a journey of almost 621 miles
(1,000 kilometers). As a reward for his bravery, Lennie was invited to the official opening and proudly rode
Ginger Mick across the Bridge’s span.

However, the opening ceremony was not without controversy. Premier Lang, known for his dislike of excess
and ceremony, clashed with those loyal to the British monarchy who demanded that King George VI or
Governor-General Philip Game open the Bridge. Security was increased in response to threats of disruption.
The unrest came to a head when Francis De Groot, a member of the paramilitary New Guard, rode on
horseback to the front of the assembly and sliced the ceremonial ribbon with his sword, declaring the Bridge
open “in the name of the decent and respectable people of New South Wales.” De Groot was swiftly arrested
and later fined, but not before Premier Lang retied the ribbon and officially declared the Sydney Harbour
Bridge open, accompanied by a 21-gun salute.

Bradfield, having worked tirelessly to make the Bridge a reality, arrived early to ensure everything met his
exacting standards. In his speech, he thanked the workmen who had “responded to the trusts we placed in
them” and “built the bridge a credit to industrial Australia.”
As many as one million people attended the opening celebrations, which included a parade, floats, and the
first fireworks display from the Bridge. The ceremony was broadcast nationally and to the United Kingdom
and United States, cementing Sydney’s status as an international city ready to take its place on the world
stage.

The opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge left an immediate and lasting legacy, with some parents even
christening their newborns Bridget, Archie, Sydney, and Archibald that year. Indisputably, the Bridge had
transformed Sydney, and its impact would continue to shape the city for generations to come.
The story is based on the podcast series “The Bridge: The Arch that Cut the Sky,” created with the support of
the State Library of New South Wales Foundation. You can support it by listening at the
thebridge.sl.nsw.gov.au.

Please note that the photographs used in this story are sourced from the State Library of New South Wales
Foundation website for the podcast. These images are not our intellectual property and are used solely for
non-commercial purposes.

The Arch That Cut the Sky — Part Three

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

Part Three

With loans that would take the city 55 years to pay off, construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge
commenced on 28 July 1923. The scale of the project was immense, requiring eight years, 1,400 laborers, six
million hand-driven rivets connecting roughly 52,800 tonnes of steel beams, 272,000 liters of paint, and,
tragically, the lives of 16 workers. Upon completion, it would stand as the largest single-arch bridge in the
world.

Bradfield’s vision for the Bridge was just one part of his grand plan to modernize Sydney’s transport system,
which included an electrified suburban railway spanning above and below ground to serve the city’s growing
population. The granite for the Bridge’s decorative pylons came from Moruya, the sand from the Nepean
River, and the cement from Kandos, while the majority of the steel was imported from England, with only
20% locally fabricated in Newcastle.

The Bridge provided much-needed employment during the Great Depression, becoming known as the “iron
lung” for its massive injection into the economy. The workforce was diverse, including English engineers,
Scottish and Italian stonemasons, American, British, and European riggers, and Irish and English
boilermakers and machinists. The government favored giving work to war veterans, union members, and
men with families, and reduced working hours from 44 to 33 to spread the available jobs among more
people.

However, the physically grueling and dangerous nature of the work led to numerous accidents and fatalities.
Reg Saunders, a 19-year-old apprentice stonemason at the Moruya Quarry, described the bloody initiation
process that lasted for months. Workers standing on the Bridge hundreds of feet in the air, secured only by
ropes, had to catch newly forged, scalding-hot metal rivets and bolts in buckets of water and hammer them
into the beams, risking injury or death from falling objects.

In 1928, construction of the steel arch itself began, with concrete pylons rising on either side of the harbor. It
would take two years for the arches to touch in the middle, forming a structure weighing 39,000 tonnes. The
feat caused great anxiety among the engineers, as such an architectural achievement had never been
attempted before.

The arch was self-supporting, allowing the giant cables to be removed—a historic day commemorated by
the raising of British and Australian flags on both sides of the Bridge. With the arch completed, construction
proceeded swiftly. By June 1931, the deck was in place and topped with asphalt, and rails were laid for trams
and trains. In January 1932, the final piece of granite was laid on the northwest pylon.

The Bridge’s first test came in February, with a load-testing using 96 steam locomotives laid end-to-end atop
its deck. Having passed these stress tests, the Sydney Harbour Bridge was declared safe for traffic and ready
to welcome the sea of humanity awaiting the harbor crossing.

On 19 March 1932, after decades of political wrangling, upheaval, and incredible feats of construction, the
Sydney Harbour Bridge would finally open to the public in a grand spectacle that included fireworks and an
unexpected interruption equally as explosive as the planned festivities.

The story is based on the podcast series “The Bridge: The Arch that Cut the Sky,” created with the support of
the State Library of New South Wales Foundation. You can support it by listening at the
thebridge.sl.nsw.gov.au.

Please note that the photographs used in this story are sourced from the State Library of New South Wales
Foundation website for the podcast. These images are not our intellectual property and are used solely for
non-commercial purposes.

The Arch That Cut the Sky — Part Two

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

Part Two

As the 20th century dawned, Sydney’s rapid growth and the outbreak of the bubonic plague in the early
1900s made it clear that the city was in desperate need of a permanent harbour crossing. The public works
project would be the largest ever attempted in New South Wales, requiring the demolition of shanties and
shacks in North Sydney and Millers Point to make way for the bridge and an underground railway system.

The government held four separate bridge design competitions between 1900 and 1924, attracting more
than 20 submissions from national and international engineering companies. The designs were exhibited in
the Queen Victoria Markets, but none would succeed in meeting the rigorous demands of Sydney’s citizens
and city planners.

Two visionary engineers emerged as the strongest contenders: Norman Selfe and John Job Crew Bradfield.
Selfe, an engineer, naval architect, and inventor, had conceived of a harbour crossing decades before the
bridge we know today was built. His 1901 design for a steel cantilever bridge from Dawes Point to
McMahons Point was accepted by the NSW Government, but political tides and economic factors prevented
its construction. Selfe won a second competition outright in 1903, but his vision was again lost to the
vagaries of Sydney’s politics and a change of government in 1904.

Enter John Bradfield, a civil engineer with a brilliant academic mind. Bradfield was a paradox: bold and
visionary as a planner, but cautious as an engineer. In 1912, he submitted a design for a cantilever bridge
from Dawes Point to Milsons Point, which received government approval. However, the onset of World War I
delayed any construction efforts.

In the post-war years, Bradfield traveled the world researching bridge designs, eventually discovering an
arch bridge in New York City that would be suitable for the enormous span of Sydney Harbour and more
cost-effective than a cantilever bridge. With the help of his tenacious secretary, Kathleen Butler, known as
the “bridge girl,” Bradfield convinced Sydney’s politicians that a single-arch bridge could be built without
blocking the city’s vital shipping lanes.

After decades of political maneuvering and delays, the Harbour Bridge Act was finally carried in 1924. That
same year, Bradfield recommended accepting the tender of Dorman Long & Co. of Middlesbrough, England,
whose design for a two-hinged arch with piers and pylons in granite-faced concrete was judged to be the
best.

Bradfield’s vision was set to become a reality, as he announced in a speech in 1921: “The tender
recommended, for the two-hinged arch bridge with granite masonry facing, is my design as sanctioned by
Parliament and as submitted for tenders… Due to our gallant soldiers, Australia has recently been acclaimed
a nation. In the upbuilding of any nation the land slowly moulds the people, the people with patient toil alter
the face of the landscape… They humanise the landscape after their own image…”

The path was now clear for the most ambitious construction project Australia had ever seen, a task that
would take eight years, six million hand-driven rivets, 1,400 laborers, and the lives of 16 workers.
In the next chapter of this story, we will meet the people who built the Sydney Harbour Bridge, transforming the visions
of countless planners, designers, dreamers, and engineers into a magnificent reality.

The story is based on the podcast series “The Bridge: The Arch that Cut the Sky,” created with the support of
the State Library of New South Wales Foundation. You can support it by listening at the
thebridge.sl.nsw.gov.au.

Please note that the photographs used in this story are sourced from the State Library of New South Wales
Foundation website for the podcast. These images are not our intellectual property and are used solely for
non-commercial purposes.

The Arch That Cut the Sky — Part One

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

Part One

Long before the Sydney Harbour Bridge became an instantly recognizable symbol of the city, the dream of a
permanent crossing linking the north and south shores had captured the imaginations of Sydneysiders.
However, the path to realizing this ambitious vision would span over a century, fraught with political,
economic, and engineering challenges that threatened to derail the project at every turn.

In the early days of the colony, the Indigenous peoples of the Eora Nation traversed the waters of Port
Jackson in their carved wooden canoes, called nawi, establishing trading routes and fishing with spears and
hand-lines. The arrival of the British in 1788 would forever alter the lives of the Eora, as the nascent city of
Sydney rapidly expanded, encroaching upon and erasing their traditional lands.

As the colonial settlement grew, the need for a more efficient means of crossing the harbour became
increasingly apparent. Initially, the only options were to travel by boat, a sometimes treacherous undertaking,
or to make the long journey around the harbor’s edge, which could consume the better part of a day.

Enterprising individuals, such as former convict Billy Blue, seized the opportunity to establish ferry services,
with Blue’s venture proving so successful that he was granted land on the North Shore by Governor
Macquarie. By the late 19th century, millions of passengers, vehicles, and horsemen were crossing the
harbor each year, navigating an often chaotic and increasingly dangerous system of water transport.

The idea of a bridge spanning the harbor seemed an impossible dream to most, a task far beyond the
resources of the young city. Yet, the vision persisted, capturing the minds of ambitious town planners and
engineers who saw the potential for a grand engineering centerpiece that would both serve the city’s needs
and stand as a testament to its growing ambitions.

Over the course of a century, four government bridge plan competitions would be held, and more than 70
designs put forth, each vying to be the one that would finally unite Sydney’s shores. But political tides,
economic upheaval, and engineering challenges would repeatedly conspire to thwart these efforts, leaving
the dream of a harbor bridge tantalizingly out of reach.

It would take the tenacity and vision of a select few to finally set the wheels in motion for the construction of
the Sydney Harbour Bridge, a story of perseverance, ingenuity, and the unshakeable belief in the power of
engineering to transform a city and its people.

The story is based on the podcast series “The Bridge: The Arch that Cut the Sky,” created with the support of
the State Library of New South Wales Foundation. You can support it by listening at the
thebridge.sl.nsw.gov.au.

Please note that the photographs used in this story are sourced from the State Library of New South Wales
Foundation website for the podcast. These images are not our intellectual property and are used solely for
non-commercial purposes.

Who Invented the Rivet?

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

Few realize the impact of rivets on our world. Their story begins in the ancient sands of Egypt, where they
first emerged as connectors for clay vessel handles. From those modest origins, rivets have evolved,
fortifying everything from Viking longboats navigating treacherous seas to the soaring heights of modern
skyscrapers. Across continents and centuries, their steadfast presence remains a testament to their
enduring significance in shaping our built environment.

Here are 20 incredible facts about rivets

1⃣ The first rivets appeared in Ancient Egypt over 5,000 years ago.

2⃣ By the time of the Ancient Romans, rivets were commonplace in construction.

3⃣ Seventh-century Vikings used rivets to attach the planks of their longboats.

4⃣ By the mid-19th century, advances in metal technology signaled the dawn of the modern riveting era.

5⃣ Wrought iron, steel, and aluminum are the most common riveted metals because of their relatively soft
composition.

6⃣ Cast iron is impossible to rivet because it is so inflexible.

7⃣ Riveted joints are more flexible and give under changes in temperature compared to bolts and welding.

8⃣ The first common, modern application of the rivet was in boiler making.

9⃣ The ship-building industry owes much of its early success to the process of riveting.

🔟 There are two types of riveting: hot and cold — cold riveting is used most often when small rivets are
required.

1⃣1⃣ By the mid-1800s, rivets were being used in the construction of architectural buildings.

1⃣2⃣ The Eiffel Tower in Paris was assembled by 18,038 pieces riveted together with 2.5 million rivets.

1⃣3⃣ Other notable uses of rivets include the Golden Gate Bridge (1.2 million rivets), the Sydney Harbor
Bridge (6 million rivets), and the RMS Titanic (3 million rivets).

1⃣4⃣ On May 20, 1873, Levi Strauss secured a patent for his denim jeans with copper rivets.

1⃣5⃣ Many World War II era tanks were riveted together until weaknesses were found in that method of
construction.

1⃣6⃣ Some drummers use special sizzle cymbals with several rivets attached to produce a louder, sharper
sound when struck.

1⃣7⃣ Ancient techniques for installing rivets utilized a hammer struck against a specialized tool called a
“bouterolle.”

1⃣8⃣ Today’s riveting process is done with special air-powered riveting guns that fire many times a second.

1⃣9⃣ Pop rivets, also known as blind rivets, can be easily installed by one person.

2⃣0⃣ The word “rivet” has its origins in Middle English and Old French, from the word “river,” which meant to
fix or clinch something.

Passenger Caught Smuggling 267 Grams of Gold Bolts

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

In a guileful attempt to evade authorities, a passenger flying from Dubai to Bengaluru, India, was caught at
the airport trying to smuggle 267 grams of gold disguised as nuts and bolts.

The customs team, suspicious of the man carrying a large black suitcase, intercepted and questioned him.
Upon scanning the suitcase, officers were shocked to discover numerous screws fixed to the bag, which
turned out to be gold cleverly hidden to resemble everyday fasteners.

The incident, which took place on August 2023, highlights the creative lengths smugglers will go to in order
to bypass security measures and illegal transport precious metals. However, the vigilant customs officers at
Bengaluru airport proved that even the best disguises can be uncovered with careful profiling and advanced
scanning technology.

At Tsamouris, we may not offer gold bolts yet, but we take pride in providing the highest quality bolts and
maintaining one of the largest inventories in Greece and Cyprus with over 25,000 products.

The Bolt-Tidying Mouse

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

When retired postman Rodney Holbrook set up cameras to uncover the mysterious nightly tidying of his
shed, he never expected to find a furry little helper scurrying about. The footage revealed a tiny mouse
diligently moving nuts and bolts, from a workbench into a nearby box.

Initially, Holbrook noticed that bird food was ending up in old shoes stored in the shed, prompting him to
investigate. To his surprise, the camera captured the mouse carrying various items, such as screwdrivers,
clothes pegs, and cables, in its mouth and clambering into boxes nearly as tall as itself.

Amazed by the mouse’s tidying skills, Holbrook joked that he no longer bothers to clean up, knowing that his
little friend will take care of it.

Interestingly, this isn’t the first time Holbrook has encountered a house-proud mouse. In 2019, he installed a
night-vision camera for a friend, which also revealed a mouse keeping his friend’s shed organized.

At Tsamouris, we appreciate the importance of keeping things tidy and organized, even if it’s just a small bolt
in a shed. While we may not have a helpful mouse on our team, we take pride in providing the world’s best
Bahco and Iris tool storage that help keep your tools and fasteners in order.

Bolting Together the Empire State Building

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

“How do you take the measure of a New York City more physically transformed than at any time since the
1920s? The new glass “downtowns” that have exploded in the last decade and a half in Long Island City and
over in Jersey City. Hudson Yards’ crystalline shafts to the far west. Residential towers marching in lock step
along the Queens and Brooklyn edges of the East River. The skinny supertalls slicing into the view of Central
Park.

There has never been a better time to give Gotham a fresh look, and so I headed to the exalted altitude of
New York’s first supertall: the Empire State Building, which has just spent USD 165 million (EUR 151 million)
and four years meticulously revamping the experience of getting to — and appreciating — the views from its
two vertiginous observatories on the 86th and 102nd floors. Simultaneously, its designers have tried to
banish the things visitors hate about the observation-deck trek: the lines, the crowds, the congestion.”
These are the words that New York Times editor, James S. Russell, used to describe the restoration of an
icon, that has captured the hearts of millions, was built with the hard work and dedication of countless
construction workers. In 1930, as the Chrysler Building loomed in the background, these brave heroes
tightened the bolts that would hold together one of the world’s most recognizable landmarks.

Some interesting facts about the Empire State Building (ESB)

1⃣ Soaring 1,454 feet (443 meters) above Midtown Manhattan, ESB has 102 floors, with 1,860 steps from
street level to the 102nd floor.

2⃣ Annually, ESB hosts its annual Run-Up event, where hundreds of athletes from around the world race a
total of 1,576 steps from the ESB lobby to the 86th Floor Observatory. The first Run-Up was held in 1978.

3⃣ ESB weighs 365,000 tons and its volume is 37 million cubic feet (1 million cubic meters).

4⃣ The exterior is composed of 200,000 cubic feet (5,663 cubic meters) of Indiana limestone
and granite, 10 million bricks and 730 tons of aluminum and stainless steel.

5⃣ Following groundbreaking, construction of the ESB took only one year and 45 days from the
setting of the tower’s first steel columns on April 7, 1930, to the completed building by March 31, 1931 — a
full month before the official opening ceremonies. This is the fastest construction to date for a project of its
scale.

6⃣ Famework rose at a rate of 4.5 stories per week.

7⃣ ESB was erected on the site of the original Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.

8⃣ More than 7 million man hours were logged in the ESB’s construction.

9⃣ ESB’s restored historic celestial ceiling mural is made of aluminum leaf and 23-karat gold.

🔟 All of the materials used on the replicated ceiling are the original materials used to create the lobby
ceiling in 1931, with over 20,000 man hours spent on the project.

1⃣1⃣ 12,000 linear feet (3,657 meters) of cast glass light fixture lenses were recreated to line the ESB lobby
and side corridor.

1⃣2⃣ The ceiling mural used over 15,000 square feet (1,393 square meters) of canvas and 115,000 sheets of
aluminum leaf.

1⃣3⃣ A series of initiatives are reducing ESB’s energy consumption by more than 38% and save an
estimated USD 4.4 million (EUR 4 million) per year on energy costs.

1⃣4⃣ On the clearest of days, visibility from the Observatories is 80 miles (129 kilometers), with five states in
view — New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut and Massachusetts.

1⃣5⃣ It has been “home” to some of the most famous movies, including King Kong, An Affair to Remember,
and Sleepless in Seattle.

1⃣6⃣ The first light to shine atop the ESB was a beacon that announced that Franklin D. Roosevelt had been
elected President of the United States in November 1932.

Apollo 11 Adapter, Screwdriver, Tool Set, Command Module

Posted on by admin

Tsamouris, the Fastener Specialists©

“The Eagle has landed.”

The primary objective of Apollo 11 mission was to complete a national goal set by President John F. Kennedy
on May 25, 1961: perform a crewed lunar landing and return to Earth.

Apollo 11 launched from Cape Kennedy on July 16, 1969, carrying Commander Neil Armstrong, Command
Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin into an initial Earth-orbit of 183 by
187 kilometers (114 by 116 miles). An estimated 650 million people watched Armstrong’s televised image
and heard his voice describe the event as he took “…one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind” on
July 20, 1969.

Among the tools that accompanied the astronauts on their epic voyage was the “Adapter, Screwdriver, Tool
Set, Command Module, Apollo 11.” This multipurpose kit, which included a 1/4-inch flat screwdriver labeled
“Tool 2,” was designed to torque slotted screws and bolts within the spacecraft. This tool set, now housed in
the Smithsonian, represents the meticulous attention to detail that characterized every aspect of the Apollo
program.

The workforce behind Apollo 11 extended far beyond NASA’s own ranks. 400,000 people workforce, among
them aerospace engineers, seamstresses meticulously crafting multi-layer space suits, technicians
tightening bolts at launch complex 39A, mathematicians checking and double-checking complex equations,
and parachute packers ensuring the astronauts’ safe return — all played indispensable roles in the mission’s
triumph.

As Armstrong and Aldrin descended to the lunar surface in the Eagle lander, leaving Collins to orbit alone in
the command module Columbia, they carried with them the hopes, dreams, and tireless efforts of this vast
army of supporters. Each bolt tightened, each stitch sewn, and each calculation performed had brought
them closer to this monumental moment in human history.

At Tsamouris, we dig into the history of the smallest components in achieving great feats. Just as the Apollo
tool set played a vital role in the success of the lunar landing, our fasteners and tools are designed to support
our clients in their own groundbreaking endeavors. We draw inspiration from the dedication and precision
demonstrated by the 400,000 individuals who made the impossible possible sixty years ago.